De Frenne, P., Zellweger, F., Rodriguez-Sanchez, F., Scheffers, B. R., Hylander, K., Luoto, M., Vellend, M., Verheyen, K., Lenoir, J. 2019. Global buffering of temperatures under forest canopies. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 3:744–749.
De Frenne et al., 2019 Read More »
De Frenne, P., Lenoir, J., Luoto, M., Scheffers, B.R., Zellweger, F., Aalto, J. et al. 2021. Forest microclimates and climate change: Importance, drivers and future research agenda. Glob. Chang. Biol. 27:2279–2297.
De Frenne et al., 2021 Read More »
Douglas, G., Straley, G.B., Meidinger, D.V. 1998, Rare native vascular plants of British Columbia. B.C. Min. Environ. Lands and Parks, Victoria, B.C. 423p.
Douglas et al., 1998 Read More »
Ecotrust and Conservation International. 1992. Coastal Temperate Rain Forests: Ecological Characteristics, Status and Distribution Worldwide. Portland, OR.
Ecotrust and Conservation International, 1992 Read More »
Enns, K.A., Trofymow, J.A., Goodman, D. 1999. Arboreal lichens in successional forests on southern Vancouver Island. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, BC. Information Report BC-X-382. 22 p.
Entry, J.A., Emmingham, W.H. 1998. Influence of forest age on forms of carbon in Douglas-fir soils in the Oregon Coast Range. Can. J. For. Res. 28:390-395.
Entry and Emmingham, 1998 Read More »
Epiphytes are plants, including lichens, which rely on other plants for support, growing on trunks and branches rather than rooting themselves to the ground. They are not parasitic on the supporting plants but rather derive nutrients from the air and small pools of water that collect on the host. Epiphytes are also referred to as epiphytic plants.
Esseen, P.A., Renhorn, K.E., Pettersson, R.B. 1996. Epiphytic lichen biomass in managed and old-growth boreal forests: effect of branch quality. Ecol. Appl. 6:228-238.
Esseen et al., 1996 Read More »
Evapotranspiration is the process by which water is transferred from the land to the atmosphere by evaporation from the soil and other surfaces as well as by transpiration from plants.
Evapotranspiration Read More »
Franklin, J.F., Cromack, K. Jr., Denison, W., McKee, A., Maser, C., Sedell, J., Swanson, F., Juday, G. 1981. Ecological characteristics of old-growth Douglas-fir forests. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-118.
Franklin et al. (1981) Read More »
