Harmon et al., 1990
Harmon, M.E., Ferrell, W.K., Franklin, J.F. 1990. Effects on carbon storage of conversion of old-growth forests to young forests. Science 247: 699-702.
Harmon et al., 1990 Read More »
Glossary
Hicks (2002)
Hicks, B. J. 2002. Gravel galore: Impacts of clear-cut logging on salmon and their habitats. In Harvey, B. and M. MacDuffee (eds.). Ghost Runs: The future of wild salmon on the north and central coasts of British Columbia. Raincoast Conservation Society. Victoria, BC.
Hilbert and Wiensczyk, 2007
Hilbert, J., Wiensczyk, A. 2007. Old-growth definitions and management: A literature review. BC J. Ecosyst. Manag. 8:15–31.
Hilbert and Wiensczyk, 2007 Read More »
Jönsson and Snäll, 2020
Jönsson, M., Snäll, T. 2020. Ecosystem service multifunctionality of low-productivity forests and implications for conservation and management. J. Appl. Ecol. 57: 695–706.
Jönsson and Snäll, 2020 Read More »
Keith et al., 2009
Keith, H,. Mackey, B.G., Lindenmayer, D.B. 2009. Re-evaluation of forest biomass carbon stocks and lessons from the world’s most carbon-dense forests. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.106:28 11635-11640.
Keith et al., 2009 Read More »
Klinkenberg, 2020
Klinkenberg, B. (ed.). 2020. E-flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia [eflora.bc.ca]. Lab for Advanced Spatial analysis. Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
Law et al., 2018
Law, B.E., Hudiburg, T.W., Berner, L.T., Kent, J.J., Buotte, P.C., Harmon, M.E. 2018. Land use strategies to mitigate climate change in carbon dense temperate forests. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 201720064.
Lesica et al. (1991)
Lesica, P., McCune, B, Cooper, S.V., Hong, W.S. 1991. Differences in lichen and bryophyte communities between old-growth and managed second growth forests in the Swan Valley, Montana. Can. J. Bot. 69(8):1745-1755.
Lesica et al. (1991) Read More »
Lesica et al., 1991
Lesica, P., McCune, B, Cooper, S.V., Hong, W.S. 1991. Differences in lichen and bryophyte communities between old-growth and managed second growth forests in the Swan Valley, Montana. Can. J. Bot. 69(8):1745-1755.
Lesica et al., 1991 Read More »
Lichen
Lichens are complex organisms that arise from the symbiotic relationship between fungi and a photosynthetic partner, typically algae. There are three main types of lichens: foliose, fruticose, and crustose. Foliose lichens are a horizontally growing leafy type of lichen that is always attached to the surface where it is growing. A fruticose lichen is characterized by a coral -like shrubby or bushy growth structure, with upright (pendulous) branches. A crustoselichen is more like a flat crust on a surface or beneath the rock surface or trees.